Question 1

Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Right atrioventricular (tricuspid) valve

Question 2

During which phase of the cardiac cycle does the ventricular pressure exceed atrial pressure, causing the AV valves to close?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular systole (isovolumic contraction)

Question 3

A patient has an end-diastolic volume (EDV) of 140 mL and an end-systolic volume (ESV) of 60 mL. What is their stroke volume (SV)?

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Accepted Answer

$$SV = 80\ \mathrm{mL}$$

Question 4

Which blood vessel type is primarily responsible for regulating blood flow to tissues by changing its diameter?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 5

If the radius of a blood vessel doubles, how does the resistance to flow change according to Poiseuille’s law?

$$R \propto \frac{1}{r^4$}$$

Accepted Answer

Resistance decreases by a factor of 16

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and major vessels?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium

Question 7

Which component of blood is most directly responsible for determining blood viscosity?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells (hematocrit)

Question 8

A patient’s mean arterial pressure (MAP) is 100 mm Hg, and the total peripheral resistance (TPR) is $$20\ \mathrm{mm\ Hg\ min/L}. $$What is the cardiac output (CO)?

$$CO = \frac{MAP}{TPR}$$

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 5\ \mathrm{L/min}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Stroke volume is proportional to the degree of stretch of ventricular muscle fibers

Question 10

Which cell type is responsible for phagocytosis and can differentiate into macrophages?

Accepted Answer

Monocytes

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating flow ($$Q) in a $$vessel given a pressure gradient ($$\Delta P) $$and resistance ($$R$$)?

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Accepted Answer

$$Q = \frac{\Delta P}{R}$$

Question 12

Which of the following statements about capillaries is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Capillaries are the primary site of nutrient and gas exchange

Question 13

Which plasma protein is most important for maintaining osmotic pressure in the blood?

Accepted Answer

Albumins

Question 14

A patient has a hematocrit of 60%. What effect does this have on blood viscosity and flow?

Accepted Answer

Blood viscosity increases, and flow decreases

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of events in hemostasis following vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

Platelet adhesion → Coagulation → Fibrinolysis

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down fibrin and dissolving blood clots?

Accepted Answer

Plasmin

Question 17

Which of the following immune cells is primarily involved in cell-mediated immunity?

Accepted Answer

T cells

Question 18

A red blood cell (RBC) is dropped into the right atrium. What is the next chamber it will enter?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the pericardium?

Accepted Answer

It encases the heart and provides protection

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely increase mean arterial pressure (MAP)?

Accepted Answer

Increase in total peripheral resistance

Test 1 Review

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards