$$SV = EDV - ESV = 70\ \text{mL}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction of blood flow in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Blood flows from areas of high pressure to low pressure, following a pressure gradient.

Question 2

During ventricular filling, which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the state of the heart valves?

Accepted Answer

The atrioventricular valves are open and the semilunar valves are closed.

Question 3

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO) $$given heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 4

A patient has an end-diastolic volume ($$EDV) of 120 mL $$and an end-systolic volume ($$ESV) of 50 mL. $$What is their stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 70\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 5

Which of the following would most likely cause the first heart sound ('lub')?

Accepted Answer

Closing of the atrioventricular valves

Question 6

If a patient has increased arterial blood pressure, which effect would this have on afterload and stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Afterload increases, stroke volume decreases

Question 7

Which of the following best defines preload?

Accepted Answer

The amount of stretch of the ventricular sarcomeres at the end of diastole

Question 8

Which equation is used to calculate net filtration pressure ($$NFP) in $$capillary exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$NFP = (HP_{cap} + OP_{if}) - (HP_{if} + OP_{cap})$$

Question 9

During isovolumetric contraction, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Both the atrioventricular and semilunar valves are closed

Question 10

Which of the following would most likely result in edema?

Accepted Answer

An increase in capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 11

Which side of the heart regularly faces a higher afterload, and why?

Accepted Answer

The left side, because it pumps blood into the systemic circuit

Question 12

Which of the following would increase peripheral resistance and therefore increase blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Decreasing blood vessel radius

Question 13

Which hormone decreases both peripheral resistance and blood volume, thus lowering blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 14

A patient with liver failure is likely to develop edema because:

Accepted Answer

Liver failure decreases capillary colloid osmotic pressure

Question 15

Which of the following best defines systole?

Accepted Answer

The contraction phase of the heart

Question 16

Which of the following is a chronotropic agent?

Accepted Answer

A substance that affects the rate of contraction of the heart

Question 17

If the precapillary sphincters in a capillary bed are closed, what happens to blood flow?

Accepted Answer

Blood is diverted through the thoroughfare channel, bypassing most capillaries

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of vasodilation on local perfusion?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation increases arteriole radius and decreases local resistance, increasing perfusion

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP is $$calculated as $$MAP = 	ext{diastolic pressure} + \frac{1}{3}(	ext{pulse pressure})$$

Question 20

Which of the following is a common mechanism the body uses to return venous blood to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contraction compressing veins

Cardiovascular System II: Blood Vessels, Hemodynamics, and Cardiac Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions