$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove waste products

Question 2

The heart is located in which anatomical region of the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Medial to the lungs, within the mediastinum

Question 3

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which valves are open and which are closed?

Accepted Answer

AV valves closed, semilunar valves open

Question 5

Blood returning from the body enters the heart through which vessel and chamber?

Accepted Answer

Superior and inferior vena cava into the right atrium

Question 6

Which structure prevents the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Question 7

Why is the myocardium of the left ventricle thicker than that of the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring greater pressure

Question 8

Which of the following correctly traces the flow of blood through the heart starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonary valve → pulmonary trunk → lungs

Question 9

Which vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary vein

Question 10

If the chordae tendineae or papillary muscles are damaged, what is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Regurgitation of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

Question 11

Which equation best represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 12

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

It initiates and coordinates the contraction of cardiac muscle cells

Question 14

The pacemaker of the heart is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the heart can continue to beat outside the body for a short time?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are autorhythmic and can generate their own action potentials

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct sequence of electrical conduction in the heart?

Accepted Answer

SA node → AV node → Bundle of His → Bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 17

Which vessel supplies oxygenated blood to the myocardium?

Accepted Answer

Coronary arteries

Question 18

A blockage in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery would most directly affect which region of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Both right and left ventricles

Question 19

Which vein collects deoxygenated blood from the myocardium and drains it into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Coronary sinus

Question 20

If the SA node fails, which structure can take over as the pacemaker, and what is the expected heart rate?

Accepted Answer

AV node; 40-60 beats per minute

Cardiovascular System: Structure and Function of the Heart

Study Guide - Practice Questions