Question 1

Which layer of the heart is primarily responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 2

A patient presents with a blockage in the right coronary artery. Which area of the heart is most likely to be affected by ischemia?

Accepted Answer

Right ventricle

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the SA node in the cardiac conduction system?

Accepted Answer

It initiates the action potential that sets the heart rate

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which heart valve prevents backflow of blood into the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 5

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormal QRS complex. Which part of the heart’s conduction system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Bundle branches or Purkinje fibers

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why cardiac muscle cells cannot undergo tetanus?

Accepted Answer

They have a prolonged refractory period due to calcium influx

Question 8

Which vessel type is primarily responsible for regulating blood pressure and flow to specific tissues?

Accepted Answer

Arterioles

Question 9

Which of the following is a correct sequence of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium

Question 10

Which formula is used to calculate stroke volume ($$SV) $$from end-diastolic volume ($$EDV) $$and end-systolic volume ($$ESV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about capillaries is correct?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary site of nutrient and gas exchange

Question 12

A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. What is the pulse pressure?

Accepted Answer

$$40\ \mathrm{mmHg}$$

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the baroreceptor reflex?

Accepted Answer

It maintains blood pressure homeostasis by adjusting heart rate and vessel diameter

Question 14

Which of the following is a major difference between arteries and veins?

Accepted Answer

Arteries have thicker walls and higher pressure than veins

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It pumps blood to the entire body, requiring higher pressure

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is released by the parasympathetic nervous system to decrease heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the Starling equation for capillary fluid exchange?

Accepted Answer

It describes the balance between hydrostatic and osmotic pressures across capillary walls

Question 18

Which of the following mechanisms helps venous blood return to the heart against gravity?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle contractions compressing veins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the AV node?

Accepted Answer

It delays the electrical signal to allow ventricular filling

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction

Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions