$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

To circulate blood and transport nutrients, gases, and wastes throughout the body.

Question 2

Which layer of the heart wall is responsible for the contractile force that pumps blood?

Accepted Answer

Myocardium

Question 3

A patient has a blockage in the right coronary artery. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Blood supply to the right atrium and portions of both ventricles

Question 4

Which of the following correctly traces the pathway of blood through the heart?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 5

Which heart valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

Question 6

Which of the following statements best explains why cardiac muscle cells are unique compared to skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac muscle cells are connected by intercalated discs, allowing synchronized contraction.

Question 7

Which component of the heart's conduction system initiates the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 8

A patient’s ECG shows an abnormal QRS complex. What does this most likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A problem with ventricular depolarization

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 10

If a patient’s heart rate is 80 beats per minute and their stroke volume is 70 mL, what is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600 mL/$$min

Question 11

Which of the following factors would most likely increase stroke volume?

Accepted Answer

Increased contractility of the myocardium

Question 12

Which part of the ECG corresponds to ventricular repolarization?

Accepted Answer

T wave

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

It modulates both heart rate and contractility through sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways.

Question 14

Which of the following is a major anatomical factor that helps maintain homeostasis in the cardiovascular system?

Accepted Answer

Presence of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle

Question 15

Which of the following would most likely result from a malfunction in the heart’s conduction system?

Accepted Answer

Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

Question 16

Which of the following best explains how heart sounds are produced?

Accepted Answer

By the closing of heart valves during the cardiac cycle

Question 17

A patient is experiencing bradycardia. Which part of the conduction system is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a major branch of the coronary vessels?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

The sequence of events during one heartbeat, including contraction and relaxation of the heart chambers

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely decrease cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Decreased venous return

Cardiovascular System: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions