Question 1

Which of the following statements best explains why cartilage heals poorly after injury compared to bone?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular and lacks nerve fibers, limiting its ability to repair itself.

Question 2

A patient presents with a torn meniscus in the knee. Which type of cartilage is most likely involved, and what property makes it suitable for this location?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; it has tensile strength and can absorb compressive shock.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the microscopic structure of compact bone?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of osteons, which are cylindrical structures made of concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal.

Question 4

During bone growth in childhood, which process is responsible for the increase in length of long bones?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth at the epiphyseal plate.

Question 5

A 12-year-old boy breaks his femur. Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of events in bone fracture repair?

Accepted Answer

Hematoma formation → fibrocartilaginous callus formation → bony callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 6

Which hormone is primarily responsible for increasing blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 7

A patient with osteoporosis is at increased risk for fractures because:

Accepted Answer

Bone resorption outpaces bone formation, leading to porous and weak bones.

Question 8

Which of the following best distinguishes elastic cartilage from hyaline cartilage?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage contains more elastic fibers, allowing it to maintain shape and flexibility.

Question 9

Which of the following bone types is primarily composed of spongy bone with a thin outer layer of compact bone and is found in the wrist and ankle?

Accepted Answer

Short bones

Question 10

A 20-year-old male has stopped growing in height. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

The epiphyseal plates have closed, and interstitial growth has ceased.

Question 11

Which of the following is a function of osteocytes in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

They monitor and maintain the mineralized bone matrix.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of trabeculae in spongy bone?

Accepted Answer

They are arranged along lines of stress to help resist forces.

Question 13

A patient with a diet low in calcium and vitamin D is at risk for which of the following bone conditions?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the epiphyseal plate remains the same thickness during childhood, even as bones lengthen?

Accepted Answer

The rate of cartilage growth on the epiphyseal side is balanced by bone replacement on the diaphyseal side.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of digestive enzymes

Question 16

A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with osteoporosis. Which factor most likely contributed to her condition?

Accepted Answer

Decreased estrogen levels after menopause, leading to increased osteoclast activity.

Question 17

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between bone mass, deposition, and resorption?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta M = D - R $$

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the periosteum in bone growth?

Accepted Answer

It contains osteoblasts that secrete new bone matrix during appositional growth.

Question 19

A 30-year-old athlete experiences increased bone density in response to weight-bearing exercise. Which process is primarily responsible for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

Increased bone deposition in response to mechanical stress.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between interstitial and appositional bone growth?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial growth increases bone length, while appositional growth increases bone width.

Cartilage and Bone Tissues: Structure, Types, and Functions

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