Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope dissolve and the mitotic spindle begin to form?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell under a microscope and notes the presence of a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus. Which type of cell is she most likely observing?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or use within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 5

What is the primary function of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Regulating the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Question 6

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

A muscle cell is observed to have a high number of mitochondria. What is the most likely reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Muscle cells require large amounts of energy for contraction

Question 8

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down waste materials within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 9

During cell division, what is the process called that physically separates the cytoplasm into two daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Producing proteins by translating mRNA

Question 11

If a cell's rough endoplasmic reticulum is damaged, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of chromosomes in human cells after mitosis?

Accepted Answer

$ 2n \rightarrow 2n $

Question 13

A neuron is observed under a microscope. Which organelle would be especially prominent due to the cell's high rate of protein synthesis for neurotransmitter production?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 14

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying certain chemicals within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

A blood cell is observed to lack a nucleus. What type of blood cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cell (erythrocyte)

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of centrioles during cell division?

Accepted Answer

They help organize the mitotic spindle

Question 18

Which organelle is the site of chromatin condensation during prophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the phases of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 20

A cell is observed to have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi complex. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of proteins

Cell Anatomy and Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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