Question 1

Which of the following best explains why microvilli are found on the surface of intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area, enhancing absorption of nutrients.

Question 2

A solution contains 300 mOsm/L of non-penetrating solutes. If a typical human cell (also 300 mOsm/L) is placed in this solution, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will remain the same size because the solution is isotonic.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium ATPase pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell per ATP hydrolyzed.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma Theory of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein.

Question 5

According to Fick’s Law of diffusion, which of the following changes would increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the surface area of the membrane.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cell signaling?

Accepted Answer

They activate intracellular signaling cascades in response to extracellular signals.

Question 7

Which of the following best distinguishes between exocrine and endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts; endocrine glands release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

Question 8

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the structure of microtubules. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of cilia and flagella.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during aerobic cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Citric Acid Cycle → Electron Transport Chain

Question 11

Which of the following best defines apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

Programmed cell death that is a normal part of development and tissue homeostasis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all types of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are tightly packed with minimal extracellular matrix.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

Question 14

Which of the following is true regarding the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces two genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique cells.

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and ribosome assembly.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about connective tissue compared to epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue has a higher ratio of extracellular matrix to cells than epithelial tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of cell adhesion molecules?

Accepted Answer

They help cells bind to each other and to the extracellular matrix.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of mesenchyme in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is the embryonic tissue from which all connective tissues are derived.

Cell Biology and Histology: Core Concepts and Processes

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