Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It produces ATP through aerobic respiration, supplying energy for cellular processes.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water entering the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It moves sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using ATP.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion

Question 7

Which process requires energy input in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

They digest and recycle cellular waste and foreign material.

Question 9

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered passive transport?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.

Question 11

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for cellular use

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms by extending its membrane around them.

Question 14

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

They synthesize proteins by translating mRNA.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

The nuclear envelope is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing direct transfer of materials.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why cells placed in an isotonic solution do not change in volume?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into and out of the cell at equal rates.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and facilitating cell movement

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases substances by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies certain chemicals.

Cell Biology Study Guide – ANP College Course

Study Guide - Practice Questions