Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between asexual and sexual reproduction at the cellular level?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction produces genetically varied offspring.

Question 2

During which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle does chromosome duplication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with chromosomes aligned at the cell equator, spindle fibers attached to centromeres, and no nuclear envelope. Which mitotic phase is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 4

Which of the following statements about binary fission in prokaryotes is correct?

Accepted Answer

It produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

Question 5

If a human somatic cell (2n = 46) undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

$$46$$

Question 6

Which event during meiosis increases genetic variability by exchanging segments between non-sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 7

A cell is observed with homologous chromosomes paired together in synapsis and exchanging genetic material. Which specific stage of meiosis is this?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis I - Prophase I

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why offspring from sexual reproduction are genetically unique?

Accepted Answer

Because of independent orientation of chromosomes, crossing over, and random fertilization.

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 10

If a diploid organism has a chromosome number of $$2n = 8$$, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$4$$

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Production of energy from glucose

Question 12

A mutation occurs in a gene located on the X chromosome. Which of the following statements is true regarding the inheritance of this gene?

Accepted Answer

It can be inherited from either parent, but its expression may differ between males and females.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of the mitotic spindle during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

It guides the separation of sister chromatids to opposite poles.

Question 14

A cell with 12 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will each of the resulting gametes contain?

Accepted Answer

$$6$$

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The nuclear envelope reforms around chromosomes.

Question 16

Which process is responsible for the production of genetically identical somatic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder caused by a failure in the separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. What is this error called?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the reduction in chromosome number during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 19

If a cell starts with 20 chromosomes and undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have? If the same cell undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete have?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis: $$20$$, Meiosis: $$10$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why genetic recombination is important in evolution?

Accepted Answer

It produces new combinations of genes, increasing genetic diversity.

Cell Division and Reproduction: Mitosis and Meiosis

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