$8.5\text{ mg/dL} - 10.5\text{ mg/dL}$

Question 1

Which type of cell junction attaches the stratum basale cells of the epithelium to the basement membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hemidesmosome

Question 2

Which of the following is a function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Prevent liquid from passing between cells

Question 3

What is the main function of gap junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Allow cells to communicate via channels

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the composition of connective tissue proper (C.T.P.)?

Accepted Answer

A mixture of living cells and a non-living ground substance composed of fluids, CAMs, and GAGs

Question 5

Which cell type is responsible for producing collagen fibers in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Fibroblast

Question 6

A patient has a genetic defect causing nonfunctional desmosomes. Which of the following symptoms would MOST likely result?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial cells lose adhesion to each other, leading to tissue fragility

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of macrophages in connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Production of collagen fibers

Question 8

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs and is responsible for resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why blood is considered a connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

It contains a non-living extracellular matrix called plasma

Question 10

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 11

What is the normal physiological range of blood calcium concentration in adults?

Accepted Answer

$8.5	ext{ mg/dL} - 10.5	ext{ mg/dL}$

Question 12

Which process describes the formation of bone from cartilage during development?

Accepted Answer

Ossification

Question 13

According to Wolff's Law, which of the following best describes bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Bone adapts its structure in response to mechanical stress

Question 14

Which cell type is primarily responsible for bone resorption during bone remodeling?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast

Question 15

A patient presents with abnormally low blood calcium. Which hormone would be secreted to restore homeostasis, and what is its primary action?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); stimulates osteoclasts to release calcium from bone

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of the serous membrane?

Accepted Answer

Lines body cavities and reduces friction between organs

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Synthesize and secrete new bone matrix

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of layers from the apical surface to the basement membrane in a typical stratified epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-life consequence of nonfunctional gap junctions in cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Impaired electrical conduction leading to arrhythmias

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between bone mass and mechanical stress according to Wolff's Law?

Accepted Answer

$M_{bone} \propto S_{mechanical}$

Cell Junctions, Connective Tissue, Cartilage, and Bone: Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions