Question 1

Which scientist is credited with first observing cells under a microscope, leading to the development of cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Robert Hook

Question 2

According to modern cell theory, which statement is TRUE regarding the chemical composition of cells?

Accepted Answer

All cells are basically the same in chemical composition and metabolic activities.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stiffens the membrane and regulates its fluidity.

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between surface area and volume for a spherical cell?

Accepted Answer

$$SA = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a passive transport mechanism across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 7

What is the primary function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+$$ ATPase) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the electrochemical gradient by actively transporting $$3\ Na^+$$ out and $$2\ K^+ in $$using ATP

Question 8

Which of the following membrane proteins is responsible for allowing water to move rapidly across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm. What type of solution is this, and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; the cell will lose water and shrink

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of lipids interspersed with proteins that can move laterally

Question 11

Which process involves the movement of large molecules into the cell via vesicles formed from the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following is a function of the glycocalyx on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Guides embryonic cells to their destinations

Question 13

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire lipid bilayer and is involved in transport?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 14

Which of the following factors will increase the rate of diffusion across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing concentration gradient

Question 15

Which equation best describes the osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$generated by solute concentration in a solution?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Glucose transport using the sodium gradient

Question 17

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport molecules

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size?

Accepted Answer

Because as cells grow, their volume increases faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a statement of modern cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living matter

Question 20

A patient is severely dehydrated and receives a large volume of plain water intravenously. What is the most likely cellular consequence?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may undergo lysis due to hypotonic ECF

Cell Membrane Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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