Q: Which equation best represents the net movement of ions by the Na extsuperscript{+}/K extsuperscript{+} pump per ATP hydrolyzed?

$3\text{Na}^+_{\text{out}} + 2\text{K}^+_{\text{in}}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium (Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+}) pump in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to pump 3 Na	extsuperscript{+} ions out of the cell and 2 K	extsuperscript{+} ions into the cell.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell. Which transport process will most likely occur to balance the concentrations?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis, causing water to move out of the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of ATP production in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

During protein synthesis, which process involves the conversion of DNA into mRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 6

A patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the formation of ribosomes. Which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis (translation)

Question 7

Which equation best represents the net movement of ions by the Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} pump per ATP hydrolyzed?

Accepted Answer

$3	ext{Na}^+_{	ext{out}} + 2	ext{K}^+_{	ext{in}}$

Question 8

Which type of membrane protein is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes

Question 9

A cell needs to import glucose against its concentration gradient. Which transport process will it most likely use?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport (symport with Na	extsuperscript{+})

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, and packaging proteins after they are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 11

Which process involves the engulfing of large particles or fluids by the cell membrane to bring them into the cell?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It provides physical support and helps move organelles within the cell.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Modification

Question 14

A researcher observes that a cell is actively secreting hormones. Which process is most likely responsible for this secretion?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following statements about passive transport is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It includes processes like osmosis and facilitated diffusion.

Question 16

Which organelle contains the cell's DNA and is the site of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins that link adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Forming tissue by connecting cells together

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 19

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which transport process will be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It modifies and folds newly synthesized proteins.

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