Question 1

Which of the following best describes the orientation of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads face both the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid, while hydrophobic tails are oriented toward each other in the interior of the membrane.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink because water moves out of the cell.

Question 3

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What is the net movement of water?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water; water moves equally in both directions.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Acting as channels for transport, receptors for signaling, and enzymes for catalysis

Question 7

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy input

Question 8

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi complex

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) $$using van't Hoff's law?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = iMRT$$

Question 10

A patient with cystic fibrosis has defective chloride channels in their respiratory cells. What is the most direct consequence of this defect?

Accepted Answer

Thickened mucus due to impaired water movement

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular waste

Question 12

Which process involves the engulfing of large particles by the cell membrane to form an internal vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell because water moves in.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes membrane fluidity by preventing extremes of rigidity or fluidity.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about active transport?

Accepted Answer

It requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between membrane potential ($$V_m$$), ion concentration, and charge using the Nernst equation?

Accepted Answer

$$V_m = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[ion]_{out}}{[ion]_{in}} \right)$$

Cell Membrane Structure, Transport, and Subcellular Components: Study Guide for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards