Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction of water movement during osmosis across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Question 2

A cell with an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm is placed in a solution with an osmolarity of 500 mOsm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink and crenate.

Question 3

Which membrane transport process requires energy in the form of ATP and moves solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 4

What is the main function of the Na\+/K\+ ATPase pump in maintaining cell homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the concentration gradients of Na\+ and K\+ across the cell membrane.

Question 5

If the concentration gradient for a solute increases, what happens to the rate of diffusion according to Fick's Law?

Accepted Answer

The rate of diffusion increases.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses channel or carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 7

A solution contains 1 mol/L NaCl and 1 mol/L glucose. What is the total osmolarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$$3~	ext{Osm}$$

Question 8

Which type of membrane protein is responsible for moving solutes against their concentration gradient using ATP?

Accepted Answer

Pump protein

Question 9

What happens to a cell placed in a hypotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

Water moves into the cell, causing it to swell and possibly lyse.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport (symport)?

Accepted Answer

Both molecules move in the same direction, one down its gradient and one against, using the energy from the gradient.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the electrical gradient across the cell membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

The inside of the cell is more negative than the outside.

Question 12

A ligand-gated channel will open when:

Accepted Answer

A specific chemical (ligand) binds to the receptor.

Question 13

Which ion has a higher concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

Accepted Answer

K\+

Question 14

What is the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

$$-70~	ext{mV}$$

Question 15

If a cell is placed in a solution with 200 mOsm, what is the tonicity of the solution and what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; cell will swell and possibly lyse.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the movement of Na\+ ions in relation to the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Na\+ moves into the cell down its concentration gradient.

Question 17

Which of the following factors will decrease the rate of diffusion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the molecular size.

Question 18

What is the effect of opening a voltage-gated channel on the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It allows ions to move across the membrane in response to a change in membrane voltage.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why glucose does not contribute to the osmolarity in the same way as NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Glucose does not split into ions in solution.

Question 20

A cell is placed in a solution containing 6 glucose molecules and 12 NaCl particles. According to the rule for osmosis, in which direction will water move?

Accepted Answer

From the glucose side to the NaCl side.

Cell Membrane Transport and Membrane Potential: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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