Question 1

Which of the following best describes the direction of water movement during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Question 2

A red blood cell with an internal osmolarity of $$300\ 	ext{mOsm} is $$placed in a solution with an osmolarity of $$500\ 	ext{mOsm}. $$What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 3

Which of the following transport mechanisms requires direct use of ATP to move ions against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 4

The Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pump moves:

Accepted Answer

3 Na$$^+$$ out and 2 K$$^+ in $$per ATP hydrolyzed

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why glucose does not contribute as much to osmolarity as NaCl when dissolved in water?

Accepted Answer

Glucose does not dissociate into ions in solution.

Question 6

A solution contains $$1\ 	ext{mol/L}$$ NaCl. What is its osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$2\ 	ext{Osm/L}$$

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the resting membrane potential of a typical neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is close to the equilibrium potential of K$$^+.$$

Question 8

Which type of membrane transport protein allows ions to move across the membrane only when a specific chemical (ligand) binds to it?

Accepted Answer

Ligand-gated channel

Question 9

If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport (symport)?

Accepted Answer

It uses the energy from the concentration gradient of one substance to move another substance in the same direction.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct statement about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It moves molecules down their concentration gradient using a membrane protein.

Question 12

A neuron receives a stimulus that opens voltage-gated Na$$^+$$ channels. What is the immediate effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential becomes more positive (depolarizes).

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why K$$^+$$ ions diffuse out of the cell more easily than Na$$^+$$ ions diffuse in?

Accepted Answer

There are more K$$^+$$ leak channels than Na$$^+$$ leak channels.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the axon terminal in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Receives information from other neurons

Question 15

If the concentration gradient of a solute across a membrane increases, what happens to the rate of diffusion (assuming all other factors are constant)?

Accepted Answer

The rate of diffusion increases.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ ATPase pump in maintaining membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It actively transports Na$$^+$$ out and K$$^+ in$$, maintaining concentration gradients.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of cholesterol into cells using LDL receptors

Question 18

Which of the following statements about osmolarity is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmolarity accounts for the number of particles a solute produces in solution.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which term best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the myelin sheath in neurons?

Accepted Answer

It insulates the axon and speeds up conduction of action potentials.

Cell Membrane Transport, Membrane Potential, and Neuron Structure: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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