Q: Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular processes?

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + \text{energy} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the movement of water during osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 2

A patient is accidentally given intravenous sterile water instead of a normal saline solution. What will most likely happen to their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water entering the cells.

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane during temperature changes.

Question 4

Which type of transport requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion involves nonpolar solutes moving directly through the bilayer, while facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins for charged or polar solutes.

Question 6

Which equation best represents the hydrolysis of ATP to release energy for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

$$ \mathrm{ATP} + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} ightarrow \mathrm{ADP} + \mathrm{P}_i + 	ext{energy} $$

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of membrane proteins as receptors?

Accepted Answer

They bind specific ligands and trigger cellular responses.

Question 8

A medicine acts as an antagonist at a membrane receptor. What is its most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

It binds the receptor and inhibits the ligand's action.

Question 9

Which process is described as 'cell eating' and involves the ingestion of large particles by the cell?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why sports drinks are often recommended during dehydration?

Accepted Answer

They contain electrolytes and glucose, which help restore extracellular fluid balance and provide energy.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Symport of glucose with sodium ions using the sodium gradient established by ATP hydrolysis

Question 12

What is the value of the membrane potential when a cell is at rest called?

Accepted Answer

Resting membrane potential

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell recognition and communication.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a property of the phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

It allows all substances to freely cross without assistance.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Substances are packaged into vesicles and released from the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of transcytosis?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys making urine by transporting substances across cells

Question 17

Which of the following bonds is found between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms within a single water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent bond

Question 18

Which equation best represents the movement of solute during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$ J = -D \frac{dC}{dx} $$

Question 19

Which of the following is true about hydrophobic molecules?

Accepted Answer

They repel water and do not dissolve easily.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They transport specific molecules across the membrane, often changing shape in the process.

Cell Membranes, Transport, and Cellular Energy: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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