Question 1

Which of the following best describes why the cell membrane is considered selectively permeable?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to cross more easily than others due to the presence of specific transport proteins and the lipid bilayer.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a solution with an osmolarity of $400\,	ext{mOsm/L}$, while the cell's internal osmolarity is $300\,	ext{mOsm/L}$. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell (crenation).

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a symport membrane transport protein?

Accepted Answer

A protein that moves sodium and glucose into the cell together.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell using ATP.

Question 5

A solution contains $0.5\,	ext{mol}$ of NaCl dissolved in $1\,	ext{L}$ of water. What is the osmolarity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

$1.0\,	ext{osm/L}$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using energy.

Question 7

Which of the following ions is found in higher concentration in the extracellular fluid compared to the intracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($Na^+$)

Question 8

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may undergo hemolysis.

Question 9

Which of the following best defines osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They contain digestive enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris.

Question 11

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 12

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell. Which of the following best describes the tonicity of the solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of phagocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell engulfs large particles or microorganisms by extending its membrane around them.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between osmolality and osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

Osmolality is the number of osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent, while osmolarity is per liter of solution.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a solution of $0.9\%$ NaCl is considered isotonic to human red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

It has the same osmolarity as the cytoplasm, so there is no net movement of water.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi complex?

Accepted Answer

It modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.

Question 17

A cell is placed in a solution and neither swells nor shrinks. What is the best explanation for this observation?

Accepted Answer

The solution is isotonic to the cell.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The cell releases substances to the extracellular space by vesicle fusion with the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference in sodium and potassium ion concentrations inside and outside a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

Sodium concentration is higher outside the cell, potassium is higher inside.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in protein synthesis and modification due to the presence of ribosomes.

Ch 3: Cell Membranes, Transport Mechanisms, and Cellular Physiology: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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