Question 1

Which of the following best describes the genetic code in DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is the chemical language of DNA instructions, where a triplet of bases codes for one amino acid.

Question 2

During transcription, which DNA strand is used as the template for mRNA synthesis?

Accepted Answer

The template strand

Question 3

What is the correct sequence of events during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase binds, nucleotides are linked, mRNA detaches

Question 4

A mutation changes the DNA triplet from TAC to TGC. Using the genetic code, what amino acid will be incorporated instead?

Accepted Answer

Methionine will be replaced by Cysteine.

Question 5

Which process removes introns and splices exons together in mRNA before it leaves the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

RNA processing

Question 6

During translation, what is the role of the tRNA anticodon?

Accepted Answer

It binds to a complementary mRNA codon to deliver the correct amino acid.

Question 7

Which of the following equations best represents the concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$C_g = C_{high} - C_{low}$$

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution where the concentration of solute outside the cell is higher than inside. What will happen due to diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Solute will move out of the cell, decreasing its internal concentration.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a factor that determines selective permeability of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Number of ribosomes

Question 10

Which process requires energy to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

If a mutation occurs in the promoter region of a gene, which process is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription initiation

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of DNA in controlling cell structure and function?

Accepted Answer

DNA directs the synthesis of specific proteins that determine cell structure and function.

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE about passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It includes diffusion and osmosis, which do not require energy.

Question 14

A cell membrane that allows only water molecules to pass through but not solutes is described as:

Accepted Answer

Selectively permeable

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why mRNA must be processed before translation?

Accepted Answer

To remove introns and splice exons together, ensuring only coding sequences are translated.

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct mRNA codon for the DNA template triplet CGG?

Accepted Answer

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct mRNA codon for the DNA template triplet CGG?

Accepted Answer

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct mRNA codon for the DNA template triplet CGG?

Accepted Answer

CCG

Question 19

Which of the following is the correct tRNA anticodon for the mRNA codon UGU?

Accepted Answer

ACA

Question 20

A patient is exposed to a toxin that prevents the removal of introns from mRNA. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Nonfunctional proteins may be produced due to incorrect amino acid sequences.

Cell Nucleus, Protein Synthesis, and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions