Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

It separates the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF), controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 2

According to cell theory, which of the following is NOT one of the basic properties of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells contain a nucleus.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and a prominent nucleolus. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

High rate of protein synthesis.

Question 4

Which organelle is known as the 'post office' of the cell due to its role in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and breakdown of cellular waste

Question 6

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum: Synthesis and breakdown of lipids and carbohydrates

Question 7

If a cell's microvilli are damaged, which function will be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Absorption due to decreased surface area

Question 8

Which equation best represents the process of ATP production in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$C_6H_{12}O_6$ + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$$

Question 9

Which structure is responsible for the synthesis of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and assembly of ribosome subunits?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 10

A cell is observed to have tightly coiled DNA associated with proteins. What is this structure called?

Accepted Answer

Chromosome

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia on epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a major constituent of cytosol?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 13

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the breakdown of ingested food and cellular debris?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the nuclear envelope is correct?

Accepted Answer

It contains nuclear pores that regulate the passage of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Question 15

Which organelle would be most abundant in cells that require large amounts of energy, such as muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

A cell is observed to have many flagella. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Movement through fluid environments

Question 17

Which of the following best explains how the nucleus, rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), Golgi body, and vesicles function together in protein synthesis and secretion?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus provides genetic instructions, RER synthesizes proteins, Golgi body modifies and packages them, and vesicles transport them to their destination.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct description of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

It is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and facilitates cell movement.

Question 19

Which compartment contains the interstitial fluid in the context of plasma membrane structure?

Accepted Answer

Outside the cell, surrounding the cells

Question 20

Which of the following best describes chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Loosely coiled DNA and proteins within the nucleus

Cell Organelles: Structure and Function Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards