Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic, fluid structure with proteins and lipids able to move laterally within the phospholipid bilayer.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 3

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through oxidative catabolism?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst due to water gain.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, communication, and cell identification.

Question 7

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire plasma membrane and is involved in transporting substances?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 8

Facilitated diffusion differs from simple diffusion in that:

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins to transport polar solutes.

Question 9

Which equation correctly represents the relationship for osmotic pressure ($$\Pi) in $$terms of solute concentration ($$C$$), gas constant ($$R$$), and temperature ($$T$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\Pi = CRT$$

Question 10

A cell uses the sodium-potassium pump to maintain homeostasis. Which of the following best describes the action of this pump?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for export from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 12

Which process describes the movement of water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 13

Which of the following statements about ribosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes synthesize proteins needed within the cell and for export.

Question 14

A cell is observed to engulf large particles by wrapping its plasma membrane around them and forming a vesicle. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the phospholipid bilayer is effective at separating the intracellular fluid (ICF) from the extracellular fluid (ECF)?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, creating a barrier to most water-soluble substances.

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for detoxification reactions and storage of calcium ions?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a passive transport process?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 18

A cell's resting membrane potential is measured in millivolts (mV). If the inside of the cell is more negative than the surrounding extracellular fluid, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The separation of charges creates an electrical potential that can be used to do work.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents into the extracellular fluid.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

It contains most of the cell's DNA and is the primary location for making most of the RNA.

Cell Structure and Function: An Overview for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards