Q: A cell uses a sodium-potassium exchange pump to move ions against their concentration gradients. Which equation best represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

$$2 \mathrm{K}^+ \text{ in} : 3 \mathrm{Na}^+ \text{ out}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best summarizes a key concept of the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest functioning units of life.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell that is able to maintain homeostasis, divide to produce new cells, and is the smallest unit of life in an organism. According to cell theory, what can be concluded about this cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a fundamental building block of the organism.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a general function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins for the cell

Question 4

A red blood cell is placed in a solution of 0.85% NaCl. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same because the solution is isotonic.

Question 5

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for its selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to lose water, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is the cell in, and what is the process called in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; crenation

Question 7

Which of the following transport processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

A cell uses a sodium-potassium exchange pump to move ions against their concentration gradients. Which equation best represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

Accepted Answer

$$2 \mathrm{K}^+ 	ext{ in} : 3 \mathrm{Na}^+ 	ext{ out}$$

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of large molecules down their concentration gradient via carrier proteins

Question 10

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will gain water and may burst.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for producing most of the ATP in a cell, and what is the main process called?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion; cellular respiration

Question 12

A cell is observed to have many peroxisomes. Which function is this cell likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

Break down damaged organelles and pathogens

Question 14

During which process does a cell engulf large particles, such as bacteria, by surrounding them with its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying and packaging secretions for release

Question 16

A cell is observed to have an extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). What is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors can invade surrounding tissues and metastasize.

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the genetically controlled death of cells, and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

Apoptosis; it removes damaged or unnecessary cells.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can you infer about the cell's function?

Accepted Answer

It is likely involved in high levels of energy production.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'selective barrier'?

Accepted Answer

It allows some substances to cross while restricting others.

Cell Structure and Function: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

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