Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest living units and all organisms are made of one or more cells, which arise only from preexisting cells.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that causes their red blood cells to swell and burst. Which type of solution was most likely administered?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 3

Which organelle is known as the 'power plant' of the cell and is responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP via aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What is the tonicity of the solution?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins forming a fluid mosaic pattern

Question 6

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 7

A cell uses pseudopods to engulf a bacterium, forming a vesicle that is then digested. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins that will be secreted from the cell or incorporated into membranes?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 10

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for ions to pass through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral (transmembrane) protein

Question 11

A cell in the small intestine absorbs nutrients by engulfing droplets of fluid. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 12

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and distributing organelles within the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding osmosis?

Accepted Answer

It is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 14

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down bacteria, viruses, and worn-out organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits ATP production. Which transport process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 16

Which cellular extension increases surface area for absorption, especially in intestinal and kidney tubule cells?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 17

Which equation best represents the movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and converting hydrogen peroxide to water?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 19

Which structure acts as the genetic library of the cell, containing DNA and controlling cellular activities?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

A patient with severe dehydration is given an intravenous isotonic solution. What effect will this have on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

No net change in cell volume; water movement is balanced

Cell Structure and Function: Foundations of Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions