Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell by acting as a selectively permeable barrier.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a cell wall, chloroplasts, and a large central vacuole. Which type of cell is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

A cell is observed to have ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the main function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export or membrane insertion

Question 5

Which structure is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion

Question 7

A cell is observed to have microvilli on its surface. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 8

Which of the following best distinguishes a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and enabling intracellular transport?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting lysosomal enzymes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion and recycling of cellular components

Question 11

Which formula correctly represents the surface area of a spherical cell, which is important for understanding the efficiency of nutrient exchange?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification of drugs in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

Which of the following structures is directly involved in cell division in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles within the centrosome matrix

Question 14

A cell is observed to have flagella. What is the primary function of this structure?

Accepted Answer

Movement of the cell through its environment

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 16

Which plant cell structure is responsible for photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of cilia in human respiratory tract cells?

Accepted Answer

Moving mucus and trapped particles out of the airways

Question 18

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not.

Question 19

A cell is observed to have many secretory vesicles. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secreting substances such as hormones or enzymes

Question 20

Which of the following correctly matches the organelle with its function?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria – ATP production

Cell Structure and Function: Key Concepts for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions