Q: A scientist observes that a cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which equation represents the energy requirement for this process?

$\text{Na}^+_{low} \rightarrow \text{Na}^+_{high}$, requires ATP

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable gate that allows certain substances to enter or exit the cell.

Question 2

According to the Fluid Mosaic Model, which component is primarily responsible for the fluidity of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution containing 500g sodium chloride per 100ml. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to crenation.

Question 4

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which type of endocytosis is also known as 'cell drinking' and involves the intake of fluids into small vesicles?

Accepted Answer

Pinocytosis

Question 6

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for processing, storing, and packaging secretory proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 8

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a passive movement across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 10

During which process do secretory vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Random movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy.

Question 12

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen to the net movement of water?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water.

Question 13

Which organelle is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones and detoxification of drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

What is the main difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis involves the intake of large solid particles, while pinocytosis involves the intake of fluids.

Question 15

Which equation best represents the concentration gradient driving passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$C_{high} \rightarrow C_{low}$

Question 16

A scientist observes that a cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which equation represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Na}^+_{low} ightarrow 	ext{Na}^+_{high}$, requires ATP

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the cytoplasm is correct?

Accepted Answer

It consists of an aqueous phase and a particulate phase.

Question 18

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for intracellular digestion?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of carbohydrates in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They serve as cell identity markers.

Question 20

Which process separates solutes between two solutions by a semipermeable membrane and is used in artificial kidney machines?

Accepted Answer

Dialysis

Cell Structure and Function: Plasma Membrane, Cytoplasm, and Organelles

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