Question 1

Which statement best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a double layer of phospholipids with embedded proteins that can move laterally.

Question 2

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 3

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for disposing of unneeded proteins within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Proteasome

Question 5

What is the main function of messenger RNA (mRNA) in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It carries instructions from DNA for building proteins.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes apoptosis?

Accepted Answer

A form of cell death that disposes of unneeded cells in a controlled manner.

Question 7

Which cellular extension is primarily involved in increasing surface area for absorption?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 8

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

Interphase (specifically S phase)

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell adhesion molecules?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 10

Which equation best represents the movement of molecules during passive diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 11

A patient’s cells are unable to maintain their membrane potential. Which process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Selective diffusion of ions across the plasma membrane

Question 12

Which structure is NOT part of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why cells are considered the smallest units of life?

Accepted Answer

Cells contain all necessary components for independent life functions.

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which organelle is most directly involved in autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in a cell?

Accepted Answer

DNA $$\rightarrow$$ mRNA $$\rightarrow$$ Protein

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of desmosomes in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They anchor adjacent cells together to provide mechanical strength.

Question 18

A scientist observes that a cell is using ATP to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient. Which type of transport is occurring?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the cytoplasmic organelles?

Accepted Answer

Each performs a specialized task within the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the movement of another substance down its gradient.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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