$$Osmolarity = \frac{\text{total number of solute particles}}{\text{volume of solution}}$$

It pumps Na\textsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K\textsuperscript{+} into the cell using ATP.

Question 1

Which statement best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is a dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

Water will enter the cell, causing it to swell and possibly burst due to osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell.

Question 4

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process of simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solute molecules directly through the phospholipid bilayer from high to low concentration.

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents osmolarity?

Accepted Answer

$$Osmolarity = \frac{	ext{total number of solute particles}}{	ext{volume of solution}}$$

Question 8

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 9

What is the main difference between primary and secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport uses ATP directly, while secondary active transport uses energy indirectly from ion gradients.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

It pumps Na	extsuperscript{+} out of the cell and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell using ATP.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the resting membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It is the electrical potential difference across the plasma membrane of a non-excited cell.

Question 12

Which type of membrane protein is embedded in the lipid bilayer and spans the membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating cell mobility and wound repair.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of solutes through a protein channel from high to low concentration without energy input.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a step in G-protein linked receptor signaling?

Accepted Answer

Direct synthesis of DNA by the G protein.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages and modifies proteins for secretion.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

It includes growth, DNA synthesis, and mitosis.

Question 18

During which phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.

Question 20

Which of the following is a membranous organelle?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions