Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A double layer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward.

Question 2

Which of the following molecules can most easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen ($$O_2)$$

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and eventually bursts. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic solution

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 5

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of membrane proteins.

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins

Question 7

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 8

Which of the following best explains why ions such as $$Na^+$$ and $$K^+$$ require protein channels to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

They are charged and cannot pass through the hydrophobic core of the membrane.

Question 9

Which process describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 10

Which organelle is responsible for the breakdown and recycling of cellular waste and defective proteins?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the nucleus is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It contains the nucleolus, which synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and maintains its fluidity.

Question 13

A cell uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients. Which process is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of DNA

Question 15

Which cytoskeletal component is primarily responsible for cell movement and muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes exocytosis?

Accepted Answer

The process of exporting substances out of the cell using vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.

Question 17

Which organelle is most abundant in muscle and neuron cells due to their high energy requirements?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of toxins

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It manufactures the RNA necessary for ribosome construction.

Question 20

A patient receives an intravenous (IV) solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Cell Structure and Function: Study Notes for ANP College Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards