Question 1

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The polar head is hydrophilic and faces the water, while the non-polar tails are hydrophobic and face each other.

Question 2

A patient receives an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells will swell and may burst (lyse) due to water entering the cell.

Question 3

Which membrane protein function is directly responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions at the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Acting as enzymes

Question 4

The sodium-potassium pump (Na	extsuperscript{+}/K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase) moves ions against their concentration gradients. Which equation best represents the stoichiometry of this pump?

Accepted Answer

$3\mathrm{Na}^{+}$ out, $2\mathrm{K}^{+}$ in$

Question 5

Which of the following processes requires cellular energy (ATP) to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following best explains the creation of a transmembrane potential in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of ions resulting in a separation of charges, with the inside of the cell being more negative than the outside.

Question 8

Which type of membrane transport is used when a white blood cell engulfs a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

Which of the following is TRUE regarding facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move polar or charged molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 10

A cell uses a symporter to transport glucose and sodium ions into the cytosol. Which type of transport is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It stabilizes the membrane and affects its fluidity.

Question 12

Which process allows a cell to release large molecules, such as hormones, into the extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 14

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Simple diffusion moves non-polar molecules directly through the bilayer, while facilitated diffusion uses membrane proteins for polar or charged molecules.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A system of protein filaments that supports cell shape, holds organelles in place, and enables movement.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about osmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of lower solute concentration to higher solute concentration.

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of the sodium-potassium pump activity in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside.

Question 18

Which of the following is TRUE about receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

It allows the cell to concentrate specific molecules by using membrane receptors.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are scattered and move within the membrane, giving it flexibility.

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of secondary active transport in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of glucose in the intestinal epithelium coupled with sodium ions.

Cell Structure and Membrane Transport: Anatomy & Physiology Study Notes

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