Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of microfilaments in a cell?

Accepted Answer

They are involved in cell motility and shape changes by constantly breaking down and reforming, allowing the cell to push or pull on the plasma membrane.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of mitochondria. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the process of osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane, either directly or via aquaporins.

Question 4

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align at the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of a tight junction?

Accepted Answer

An impermeable junction that forms continuous seals around cells, preventing molecules from passing through the intercellular space.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules across the plasma membrane via a protein channel, without energy input.

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages, modifies, and segregates proteins for secretion from the cell.

Question 9

A cell is observed to engulf a large bacterium by surrounding it with its plasma membrane and forming a vesicle. Which process is being described?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A double helix composed of two strands with genetic instructions essential for the development and functioning of living organisms.

Question 11

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in chromatin structure?

Accepted Answer

They are proteins around which DNA is tightly wrapped, helping to compact and organize the DNA.

Question 13

A patient is diagnosed with a malignant neoplasm. Which characteristic distinguishes this from a benign neoplasm?

Accepted Answer

It can metastasize, spreading to other parts of the body via blood or lymphatic system.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA is used as a template to synthesize messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the net movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$ \text{Net movement of water} = \text{from area of low solute concentration to area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane} $$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of gap junctions?

Accepted Answer

They allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells, facilitating communication.

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the sodium-potassium pump (Na+/K+ ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell against their concentration gradients.

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a high rate of exocytosis. Which of the following is most likely occurring in this cell?

Accepted Answer

The cell is expelling material by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 20

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for joining Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA ligase

Cell Structure, Function, and Division: Key Concepts in Anatomy & Physiology

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