Q: Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of ions by the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ ATPase pump?

$$\ 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ \text{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ \text{in}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical human cell?

Accepted Answer

It is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF).

Question 2

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 3

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypotonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Cells will swell and may undergo lysis as water enters the cell.

Question 4

Which of the following transport processes requires energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 5

The Na+-K+ pump moves sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. For each ATP molecule used, how many Na+ ions are pumped out and how many K+ ions are pumped in?

Accepted Answer

$$3 Na$^+$$ out, $$2 K$^+ in$$

Question 6

Which type of cell junction allows the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, facilitating electrical signaling in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 7

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 9

A cell is placed in a solution with higher osmolality than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 10

Which process involves the engulfment of large particles, such as bacteria, by a cell using extensions of its plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 11

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via membrane proteins.

Question 12

Which cellular structure increases surface area for absorption in intestinal epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP for cellular energy

Question 14

Which type of transport uses carrier proteins to move two different substances in the same direction across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Symport

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of homeostatic imbalance due to altered cell metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Muscular dystrophy resulting in muscle atrophy

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of ions by the Na$$^+-K$^+$$ ATPase pump?

Accepted Answer

$$\ 3\ \mathrm{Na}^+\ 	ext{out},\ 2\ \mathrm{K}^+\ 	ext{in}$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They are lipid-soluble and nonpolar.

Question 18

During mitosis, which phase is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equatorial plane?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

A cell is actively secreting large amounts of mucus. Which process is most directly involved in this activity?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

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