Question 1

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome, and why?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst because water moves into the cell.

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packages, modifies, and sorts proteins for secretion

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

It is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

Question 6

What is the main function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Break down foreign invaders and old cell parts

Question 7

Which process requires energy input from the cell and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher solute concentration than the cytoplasm, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a template for assembling amino acids into a protein.

Question 10

Which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA double helix during transcription?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 12

What is the correct sequence of events during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between transcription and translation?

Accepted Answer

Transcription makes RNA from DNA, translation makes protein from RNA.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Producing ATP through cellular respiration

Question 15

Which statement about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It is double-stranded and contains thymine.

Question 17

A cell needs to engulf a large particle, such as a bacterium. Which process will it use?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It synthesizes ribosomal RNA.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct comparison between hypertonic and hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

A hypotonic solution causes water to move into the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Break down hydrogen peroxide

Cell Structure, Function, and Processes: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions