Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the function of the mitochondria in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce most of the cell's ATP by breaking down food molecules and transferring energy to ATP bonds.

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated, and what is the main event of this phase?

Accepted Answer

S phase; DNA is replicated.

Question 3

A scientist observes a cell with many ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of large amounts of proteins.

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and shipping proteins and lipids for export or incorporation into the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the microtubules in their cells. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Movement of organelles and cell division

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissue is described as 'avascular but innervated'?

Accepted Answer

It lacks blood vessels but receives nutrients from underlying connective tissue and is supplied by nerve fibers.

Question 7

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 8

A cell is observed to have multiple nuclei. Which type of cell is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle cell

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of harmful substances by converting hydrogen peroxide to water

Question 10

Which structure increases the surface area of certain cells for absorption, such as in the intestinal lining?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 11

A researcher stains a tissue sample and observes tightly packed cells with polarity and specialized contacts. Which tissue type is most likely being observed?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of telomeres in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They protect the ends of chromosomes from degradation.

Question 13

During protein synthesis, what is the correct sequence of events?

Accepted Answer

Transcription followed by translation

Question 14

Which of the following equations correctly represents the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water by catalase in peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

$$2H_2O_2 \rightarrow 2H_2O + O_2$

Question 15

A cell is observed in the process of cytokinesis. What is occurring during this stage?

Accepted Answer

The cytoplasm is dividing to form two daughter cells.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Contains large amounts of extracellular matrix

Question 17

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down ingested bacteria, viruses, and toxins?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 18

A cell is observed to be in metaphase during mitosis. Which of the following best describes what is happening?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are aligned at the center of the cell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the centrosome in cell division?

Accepted Answer

It organizes microtubules and the mitotic spindle during cell division.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

All organisms are made from one or more cells.

Cell Structure, Function, and Tissue Types: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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