Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the plasma membrane in a typical cell?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a gatekeeper, controlling what enters and leaves the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell.

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

The sodium-potassium pump is an example of which type of membrane transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water moves through aquaporins during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves from areas of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.

Question 6

Which cellular organelle is primarily involved in the breakdown of cellular waste and foreign material?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 7

A drug that blocks membrane receptors would most likely interfere with which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Cellular communication and response to signals

Question 8

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of solute during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$

Question 9

Which cytoskeletal element is most important for cell division?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 10

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 11

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and shipping proteins within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

ATP synthesis

Question 14

Which type of vesicular transport involves the cell engulfing large particles or microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which organelle contains genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 16

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules through the membrane using carrier proteins, without energy input.

Question 17

Which cytoskeletal filament is primarily responsible for maintaining cell shape and resisting tension?

Accepted Answer

Intermediate filaments

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification and breakdown of fatty acids

Question 19

Which equation best represents the osmotic pressure ($\Pi$) across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = iMRT$

Question 20

Which of the following statements about the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the membrane.

Cell Structure, Function, and Transport: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions