Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane's selective permeability?

Accepted Answer

It regulates what enters and leaves the cell, controlling the exchange of nutrients, waste, and signals.

Question 2

A patient is unable to sweat due to a genetic disorder. Which homeostatic mechanism is most directly impaired, and what is the likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback; the body will have difficulty lowering its temperature.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature regulation, where sweating cools the body when it gets too hot.

Question 4

A scientist observes a cell with a large number of mitochondria. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Producing large amounts of ATP for energy-intensive activities.

Question 5

Which organelle acts as the 'digestive system' of the cell, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome; breaking down waste for elimination or recycling.

Question 6

A tissue sample is observed to have tightly packed cells arranged in layers, with no direct blood supply but a high rate of mitosis. Which tissue type is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why muscle and nervous tissues in adults have limited repair capacity?

Accepted Answer

Their cells generally do not undergo mitosis.

Question 8

A tumor is found to be encapsulated, slow-growing, and does not invade surrounding tissues. What type of tumor is this, and what is its risk of recurrence after removal?

Accepted Answer

Benign tumor; low risk of recurrence

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the cytoskeleton within the cell?

Accepted Answer

It provides structural support, maintains cell shape, and acts as tracks for intracellular transport.

Question 10

A biopsy reveals a tissue with multiple layers of flat cells on the surface, protecting against friction. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 11

Which of the following is a key difference between benign and malignant tumors?

Accepted Answer

Malignant tumors have irregular borders and can invade other tissues, while benign tumors are usually encapsulated and localized.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli on epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area for absorption.

Question 13

A cell is observed to have a rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) covered in ribosomes. What is the primary function of this organelle?

Accepted Answer

Producing and folding proteins

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the process of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow 2n + 2n$$

Question 15

A patient has a genetic mutation that disrupts the function of protein channels in the cell membrane. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired movement of specific substances into and out of the cell

Question 16

Which tissue type is primarily responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the body?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 17

A researcher is studying a tissue that lines the air sacs of the lungs and allows for rapid gas exchange. Which type of epithelium is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why cancer is considered unregulated mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Cancer cells divide uncontrollably due to mutations that disrupt normal cell cycle regulation.

Question 19

A tissue is observed to have cells with cilia on their apical surface. What is the most likely function of this tissue?

Accepted Answer

Moving substances along the surface, such as mucus in the respiratory tract

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between tissue repair and mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Tissues with a high rate of mitosis repair quickly, while those with limited mitosis repair slowly.

Cell Structure, Homeostasis, Tissues, and Mitosis: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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