Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating the entry and exit of substances.

Question 2

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a genetic mutation affecting the plasma membrane's transport proteins. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 4

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains the difference between active and passive transport across the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Question 6

Which structure in the cell is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 7

A mutation in the gene coding for LDL receptors leads to high cholesterol levels. Which membrane function is most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins and channels

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of microvilli in epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Increasing surface area for absorption

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

The process where a gene's DNA sequence is copied into mRNA.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the movement of molecules during diffusion?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 12

A cell is exposed to a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What type of solution is this, and what is the expected effect?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing protein synthesis

Question 14

Which type of RNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of desmosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring junctions that hold cells together

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 → S → G2 → Mitosis → Cytokinesis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why selective permeability of the plasma membrane is essential for cell function?

Accepted Answer

It allows certain molecules to pass while blocking others, maintaining homeostasis and nutrient uptake.

Question 18

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cytoplasm. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$\Delta G = RT \ln \left( \frac{[Na^+]_{out}}{[Na^+]_{in}} \right) + zF\Delta \Psi$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and processing

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of histones in the cell nucleus?

Accepted Answer

They form nucleosomes for DNA packaging.

Cell Structure, Membrane, and Cell Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions