Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a boundary between the cell's interior and its extracellular environment.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell engulfing a large bacterium using pseudopodia. Which process is being observed?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 3

Which statement about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It allows molecules to pass through the membrane via specific transport proteins.

Question 4

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for 'unzipping' the DNA double helix?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 5

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by the cell copying all its DNA, resulting in two identical sister chromatids?

Accepted Answer

S Phase

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the stages of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 8

Which molecule carries the instructions from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Question 9

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, while simple diffusion is the movement of solutes down their concentration gradient.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the 'mosaic model' of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Membranes consist of a bilayer of phospholipids with proteins and other molecules embedded throughout, allowing for fluidity and flexibility.

Question 11

A cell is using ATP to pump sodium ions out against their concentration gradient. Which transport mechanism is this?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 12

Which of the following is the correct base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

A pairs with T, C pairs with G

Question 13

If a cell is placed in an isotonic solution, what will happen?

Accepted Answer

There will be no net movement of water; the cell remains unchanged.

Question 14

Which organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins after they are synthesized?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome based on the mRNA codon.

Question 16

Which equation best represents the movement of water during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -P (C_1$ - C_2$)$$

Question 17

During which phase does the cell check its copied DNA for mistakes before mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G2 Phase

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of microtubules?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 19

Which process involves the cell releasing material outside by fusing vesicles with the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 20

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$AGCT to$$ $$AGTT. $$What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

A different amino acid may be incorporated into the protein, potentially altering its function

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Cell Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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