Q: Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($E$) of an ion across a membrane?

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[\text{ion}]_{\text{outside}}}{[\text{ion}]_{\text{inside}}} \right)$

Q: Which equation represents the genetic code for a single amino acid?

$\text{Codon} = \text{Three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of facilitated diffusion across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via carrier proteins without energy input.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids containing a high concentration of glucose. Which transport process will primarily move glucose from the blood into muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 3

Which equation best represents the Nernst equation for calculating the equilibrium potential ($E$) of an ion across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$E = \frac{RT}{zF} \ln \left( \frac{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{outside}}}{[	ext{ion}]_{	ext{inside}}} ight)$

Question 4

Which of the following best distinguishes primary active transport from secondary active transport?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport directly uses ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient, while secondary active transport uses the energy from the movement of another substance down its gradient.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the uptake of large particles, such as bacteria, by white blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 6

Which of the following is a function of G protein-coupled receptors in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Transducing extracellular signals into intracellular responses via second messengers

Question 7

Which organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 8

A cell is observed to have abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and secretion

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and fatty acids

Question 10

Which structure is essential for the formation of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 11

Which of the following cell extensions increases surface area for absorption but does not move substances?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of mRNA from a DNA template

Question 14

Which type of junction prevents the passage of materials between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of simple squamous epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Single layer of flat cells specialized for diffusion and filtration

Question 16

Which equation represents the genetic code for a single amino acid?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Codon} = 	ext{Three consecutive nucleotides on mRNA}$

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Secrete products into ducts that lead to body surfaces or cavities

Question 18

Which connective tissue type is characterized by a rigid matrix and is found in the skeleton?

Accepted Answer

Bone

Question 19

Which muscle tissue type is striated, voluntary, and attached to bones?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 20

Which of the following is a general characteristic of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Ability to conduct electrical impulses

Cell Structure, Membrane Transport, and Tissue Organization: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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