Q: Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

$$\text{Sugar} + \text{O}_2 \rightarrow \text{CO}_2 + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{Energy}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles and divide by binary fission, while eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and divide by mitosis.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a bacterial infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Which of the following characteristics is most likely true of the infecting organism?

Accepted Answer

It has a thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane, staining red or pink with Gram stain.

Question 3

Which bacterial shape is correctly matched with its description?

Accepted Answer

Bacilli: rod-shaped bacteria

Question 4

A scientist observes bacteria dividing rapidly every 20 minutes under ideal conditions. What process is being observed, and what is the key step involved?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission; the circular DNA is copied and the cell splits

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why viruses are considered obligate parasites?

Accepted Answer

They require host cell machinery to replicate their genetic material and produce new viruses.

Question 6

A virus uses glycoproteins to unlock the 'door' of a host cell. What is the primary function of these glycoproteins?

Accepted Answer

To bind specifically to receptors on the host cell membrane, allowing entry

Question 7

Which statement best describes the lytic and lysogenic cycles of viruses?

Accepted Answer

Lytic cycle involves immediate replication and destruction of the host cell; lysogenic cycle involves integration of viral DNA and dormancy.

Question 8

Which of the following diseases is caused by a prion?

Accepted Answer

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad Cow Disease)

Question 9

A patient presents with neurological symptoms and is found to have a misfolded protein causing damage to the nervous system. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Prion disease

Question 10

Which of the following statements about the plasma membrane is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol in the membrane prevents phospholipids from stacking too closely and increases membrane rigidity.

Question 11

Which process allows oxygen to move from the blood into cells without the use of energy?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Question 12

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 13

Which equation correctly represents cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Sugar} + 	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 	ext{CO}_2 + 	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 	ext{Energy}$$

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modification and packaging of proteins for export

Question 15

A cell needs to engulf a large particle that cannot pass through a membrane protein gate. Which process will it use?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for most of the cell's ATP production under aerobic conditions?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 17

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 18

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Passive movement of molecules along a concentration gradient with the help of a membrane protein

Question 19

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will gain water and may burst.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about prion diseases such as Kuru?

Accepted Answer

They are caused by misfolded proteins that induce other proteins to misfold.

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