Question 1

Which component of the plasma membrane is primarily responsible for forming a semi-permeable barrier between the cell and its environment?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid bilayer

Question 2

A patient with cystic fibrosis has a mutation affecting a channel protein in the plasma membrane. Which process is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion of chloride ions

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of phospholipids in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophilic heads facing outward, hydrophobic tails facing inward

Question 4

During osmosis, water moves across the plasma membrane through specialized channel proteins. What are these proteins called?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporins

Question 5

If a cell is placed in a solution with a higher concentration of solutes than its cytoplasm, what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will leave the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 6

Which equation best represents the net movement of water during osmosis across a semi-permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = L_p (\Delta P - \sigma \Delta \pi)$$

Question 7

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Interphase (S phase)

Question 8

A dialysis bag filled with 0.9% NaCl is placed in a beaker of 0.9% NaCl. After 30 minutes, what change in mass would you expect?

Accepted Answer

The bag's mass will remain unchanged

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Energy production

Question 10

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align at the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the cell's main energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 12

A cell uses a protein pump to move sodium ions out against their concentration gradient. What type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 13

Which formula describes the relationship between the rate of diffusion and the concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$$

Question 14

Which cellular structure is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

Proteins and lipids can move laterally within the bilayer

Question 16

Which process requires energy input from ATP to move substances across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 17

A cell is observed under a microscope during telophase. Which of the following features would you expect to see?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes decondensing and nuclear envelope reforming

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Prophase → Metaphase → Anaphase → Telophase

Question 19

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient via a protein channel

Question 20

In a histology lab, you observe a cell with a large, round nucleus and abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Cell Structure, Plasma Membrane, and Cellular Division: Study Notes for Anatomy & Physiology

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