Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the principle of cell theory as it applies to human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the smallest functioning units of life and all anatomical structures are built from them.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with a double membrane, nuclear pores, and loosely coiled DNA. Which organelle is being described?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and sorting proteins and lipids for delivery to specific destinations within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that impairs the function of hydrolytic enzymes, leading to accumulation of cellular debris. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 5

Which of the following organelles is directly involved in the synthesis of ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 6

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of tubules and vesicles, with some regions studded with ribosomes and others smooth. Which organelle is being described, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum; protein and lipid synthesis

Question 7

Which organelle is responsible for the detoxification of drugs and synthesis of steroids in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

A cell is found to have numerous microvilli on its surface. What is the primary function of these structures?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why ribosomes are considered non-membranous organelles?

Accepted Answer

They are composed of RNA and proteins and are not enclosed by a membrane.

Question 10

A sperm cell uses a whip-like structure to propel itself toward an egg. Which organelle is responsible for this movement?

Accepted Answer

Flagellum

Question 11

Which organelle is most directly involved in maintaining the cell’s shape and anchoring organelles in place?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Question 12

If a cell’s plasma membrane is damaged, which of the following consequences is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Loss of control over movement of molecules into and out of the cell

Question 13

Which of the following organelles works closely with the rough endoplasmic reticulum to modify and sort newly synthesized proteins?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

A cell is observed to have a high concentration of glycogen and lipid droplets in its cytosol. What is the primary function of these stored nutrients?

Accepted Answer

Serve as energy reserves for cellular activities

Question 15

Which of the following equations best represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6} + 6\mathrm{O_2} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{CO_2} + 6\mathrm{H_2O} + \mathrm{ATP}$

Question 16

Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in cells that secrete large amounts of digestive enzymes, such as pancreatic acinar cells?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 17

A cell is unable to synthesize ribosomal RNA. Which structure is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cilia in the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for the compartmentalization of genetic material and regulation of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

A cell is observed to have a large number of peroxisomes. What is the most likely function of these organelles?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of fatty acids and detoxification of harmful substances

Cell Theory and Cell Organelles: Structure and Function

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