Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between gametes and somatic cells in terms of chromosome number?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are haploid (n) and somatic cells are diploid (2n).

Question 2

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 3

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

23 chromosomes

Question 4

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes for the same traits but may have different alleles.

Question 5

During anaphase of mitosis, what happens to the chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Sister chromatids separate and migrate to opposite poles.

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the chromosome number change during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 7

A cell in G$$_0$$ phase is characterized by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

It has exited the cell cycle and does not divide again.

Question 8

Which structure is the site of attachment for spindle microtubules during cell division?

Accepted Answer

Kinetochore

Question 9

In metaphase I of meiosis, what is the arrangement of chromosomes at the equator?

Accepted Answer

Tetrads (homologous pairs) line up at the equator.

Question 10

After cytokinesis in mitosis, what is the genetic relationship between the two resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

They are genetically identical to each other and to the original cell.

Question 11

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by chromosomes condensing and the nuclear envelope breaking up?

Accepted Answer

Prophase

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of meiosis in gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the chromosome number by half and produce genetically unique gametes.

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis is important?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation among gametes.

Question 14

If a sperm cell (n) with 23 chromosomes fertilizes an ovum (n) with 23 chromosomes, what is the chromosome number of the resulting zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 15

Which of the following events occurs during telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope reappears and chromosomes uncoil.

Question 16

During which stage of the cell cycle do cells spend most of their time?

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Question 17

Which of the following is true about autosomal chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes.

Question 18

What is the result of meiosis II in terms of chromosome composition in each gamete?

Accepted Answer

Each gamete contains a single copy of each autosomal chromosome and a single sex chromosome.

Question 19

Which process is responsible for the division of the cytoplasm following nuclear division?

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis

Question 20

A cell with 46 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

46 chromosomes

Cell Types, Unit 4- Cell Cycle, and Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis

Study Guide - Practice Questions