Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

It selectively regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of macromolecules

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for the modification, sorting, and packaging of proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

If a cell is unable to produce ribosomes, which process will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 5

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for ions to pass through the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 6

A muscle cell requires large amounts of ATP for contraction. Which organelle would you expect to be especially abundant in this cell type?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 7

Which of the following equations correctly represents the net movement of water across a semipermeable membrane due to osmosis?

Accepted Answer

$\Delta \Psi = \Psi_{inside} - \Psi_{outside}$

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for maintaining the shape of a cell and resisting compression?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 9

During endocytosis, which of the following best describes the process by which a cell engulfs extracellular material?

Accepted Answer

The plasma membrane invaginates to form a vesicle containing the material.

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Covering body surfaces and lining cavities

Question 11

A gland that releases its product directly into the bloodstream is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Question 12

Which cell junction prevents the passage of molecules between adjacent epithelial cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junction

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between simple and stratified epithelia?

Accepted Answer

Simple epithelia have one layer of cells; stratified epithelia have multiple layers.

Question 14

Which organelle contains enzymes that detoxify harmful substances and is especially abundant in liver and kidney cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 15

A cell is observed to have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis and metabolism

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the pathway of a protein destined for secretion from a cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome → Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → Plasma membrane

Question 17

Which equation best represents the rate of diffusion ($J$) of a solute across a membrane according to Fick's law?

Accepted Answer

$J = -D \frac{dC}{dx}$

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a function of microfilaments in the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP for cellular energy

Question 19

A multicellular exocrine gland with a branched duct and secretory units shaped like sacs is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Compound alveolar gland

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why epithelial tissues are able to regenerate rapidly after injury?

Accepted Answer

They contain stem cells that divide frequently.

Cells and Tissues: Structure and Function in Human Anatomy & Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions