Question 1

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the four that make up the bulk of living matter in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Question 2

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to swell and burst. What type of solution is the cell in, and what is the underlying process?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic; water moves into the cell by osmosis

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for packaging proteins for secretion and is located near the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

Which cell structure stores genetic material and is the site of ribosome synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 5

A scientist observes a cell with extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum. What is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Lipid and steroid synthesis

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of microvilli in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 7

If a red blood cell is placed in a solution containing 10% NaCl, what will happen to the cell and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink due to water leaving the cell (crenation)

Question 8

Which process requires ATP and moves molecules against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Solute pumping (active transport)

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of peroxisomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of hydrogen peroxide and detoxification

Question 10

A cell is observed to have many ribosomes attached to its rough endoplasmic reticulum. What is the primary function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the plasma membrane's role in cellular transport?

Accepted Answer

It is selectively permeable, allowing some substances to pass while blocking others

Question 12

Which of the following processes is driven by hydrostatic (fluid) pressure?

Accepted Answer

Filtration

Question 13

A cell is actively transporting sodium ions out of the cell against their concentration gradient. Which equation best represents the energy requirement for this process?

Accepted Answer

$$ \Delta G \u003e 0 $$

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Digesting materials

Question 15

Which cell structure is essential for cell division and forms the spindle fibers during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of chromatin in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Stores genetic information

Question 17

Which of the following is a trace element important for making bones hard?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 18

Which of the following cell structures is responsible for the release of energy from food to form ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 19

Which process moves water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 20

A cell is observed to have many peroxisomes. Which medical condition might result from a defect in peroxisome function?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of toxic hydrogen peroxide

Cells and Tissues: Structure, Function, and Physiology

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards