Question 1

Which of the following best describes the structure of the plasma membrane according to the Fluid Mosaic Model?

Accepted Answer

A bilayer of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails facing inward, interspersed with proteins.

Question 2

Which type of membrane protein is most likely to function as a channel for facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Integral protein

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink because water leaves the cell to the surrounding solution.

Question 4

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 5

During protein synthesis, which step involves the conversion of mRNA into a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 6

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 7

A patient has a genetic defect affecting the function of their lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Intracellular digestion of waste and foreign material

Question 8

Which phase of mitosis is characterized by the alignment of chromosomes along the cell's equator?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Support and binding of other tissues

Question 10

A gland that releases its product directly into the bloodstream is classified as:

Accepted Answer

Endocrine

Question 11

Which connective tissue fiber type provides the greatest tensile strength to tissues such as tendons?

Accepted Answer

Collagen fibers

Question 12

Which type of muscle tissue is under voluntary control and contains striations?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of nervous tissue?

Accepted Answer

Transmits electrical impulses for communication

Question 14

A tissue sample shows cells with a single layer and flat appearance. How would you classify this epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why cartilage heals slowly after injury?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is avascular, limiting nutrient delivery and slowing repair.

Question 16

Which of the following equations correctly represents the semi-conservative replication of DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA_{parent} \rightarrow DNA_{daughter1} + DNA_{daughter2}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is a factor that can negatively affect tissue repair after injury?

Accepted Answer

Poor health

Question 18

Which process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 19

Which of the following cell junctions allows for the passage of ions and small molecules directly between adjacent cells, facilitating electrical communication in cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 20

A patient is suffering from a disease that impairs the function of their rough endoplasmic reticulum. Which cellular process is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis for export or membrane insertion

Cells and Tissues: Structure, Function, and Repair

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