Q: Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

$$ \text{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration} $$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity as it applies to cell biology?

Accepted Answer

The structure (anatomy) of a cell determines its function (physiology) through its biochemical activities.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic relative to their red blood cells. What is the most likely outcome for the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink as water leaves the cells to balance the solute concentration.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information for the cell.

Question 4

A scientist observes a tissue sample under a microscope and notes a single layer of flat cells lining a capillary. Which type of epithelial tissue is this?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the interior of the plasma membrane is relatively impermeable to water-soluble molecules?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic ("water fearing") nonpolar tails of phospholipids face the center of the membrane.

Question 6

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes align along the center of the cell before being separated into daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, packaging, and sorting proteins for secretion or use within the cell

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic unique to cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs containing gap junctions

Question 10

Which connective tissue type is most likely to be found forming cushion-like discs between vertebrae in the spinal column?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage

Question 11

A patient has a genetic defect that prevents the formation of desmosomes. Which of the following symptoms would most likely be observed?

Accepted Answer

Cells in tissues that experience mechanical stress would be easily torn apart.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of lipid-insoluble or large molecules across the membrane via protein channels or carriers, without energy input.

Question 13

Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP through the breakdown of food using oxygen?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 14

Which of the following equations best represents the movement of water during osmosis across a semipermeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$ 	ext{Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration} $$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of areolar connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Universal packing tissue and glue to hold organs in place

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Decodes the message and brings amino acids to the ribosome

Question 17

A tissue sample is found to be avascular, forms sheets with an apical and a basal surface, and regenerates easily if well nourished. Which tissue type is this?

Accepted Answer

Epithelial tissue

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why filtration is critical for kidney function?

Accepted Answer

It forces water and solutes through a membrane by hydrostatic pressure, allowing waste removal from the blood.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during DNA replication and mitosis?

Accepted Answer

DNA is replicated during interphase, followed by mitosis and cytokinesis.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting worn-out or nonusable cell structures and disposing of bacteria

Cells and Tissues: Structure, Function, and Transport Mechanisms

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