Question 1

Which of the following best describes the Principle of Complementarity as it applies to cells?

Accepted Answer

The structure of a cell determines its function, and its function is limited by its structure.

Question 2

A scientist observes a cell with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and a prominent Golgi apparatus. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and secretion

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why the plasma membrane is described as a 'fluid mosaic'?

Accepted Answer

It consists of a double layer of phospholipids with proteins and cholesterol scattered throughout, allowing movement.

Question 4

Which type of cell junction would be most important in the lining of the stomach to prevent leakage of digestive enzymes between cells?

Accepted Answer

Tight junctions

Question 5

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder affecting the function of peroxisomes. Which of the following cellular processes is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of alcohol and breakdown of free radicals

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the movement of water across a plasma membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 7

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst as water enters the cell.

Question 8

Which organelle is responsible for generating most of the cell’s ATP through aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 9

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the complementary base pairing during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$$A + T$$ and $$G + C$$

Question 12

A cell is observed to have an extensive network of microvilli. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 13

Which process requires energy in the form of ATP to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the sodium-potassium pump in nerve cells?

Accepted Answer

It pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell using ATP.

Question 15

Which of the following is a real-life example of receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Uptake of cholesterol by liver cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in a white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Digesting engulfed bacteria and cellular debris

Question 17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events during transcription?

Accepted Answer

DNA is used as a template to synthesize mRNA in the nucleus.

Question 18

A cell is unable to form a mitotic spindle during division. Which organelle is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is necessary for glucose transport into most cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is too large and polar to cross the membrane without a carrier protein.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the function of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It assembles ribosomal subunits.

Cells and Tissues: The Cellular Basis of Life

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