Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites receive incoming signals from neighboring cells.

Question 2

A patient with multiple sclerosis (MS) is experiencing muscle weakness and sensory disturbances. Which cellular structure is most directly affected in this disease?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 3

Which glial cell type is responsible for forming myelin in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Accepted Answer

Schwann cells

Question 4

What is the primary role of astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining homeostasis of extracellular fluid and supporting neurons

Question 5

Which direction does anterograde axonal transport move materials?

Accepted Answer

From cell body to axon terminal

Question 6

A researcher measures the rate of fast axonal transport and finds it to be 400 mm/day. Which type of material is most likely being transported at this rate?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound organelles such as vesicles and mitochondria

Question 7

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed ($$v$$), distance ($$d$$), and time ($$t) $$for axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

$$v = d \div t$$

Question 8

Which of the following is TRUE regarding interneurons in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

They facilitate communication between neurons within the CNS.

Question 9

A nerve is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A bundle of peripheral neurons, which may be sensory, motor, or mixed.

Question 10

Which glial cell type is most involved in the immune response within the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Microglia

Question 11

A neuron is unable to synthesize new proteins in its axon. What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

The axon lacks ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum necessary for protein synthesis.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of satellite glial cells?

Accepted Answer

They provide structural support and nutrients to neuron cell bodies in the PNS.

Question 13

Which of the following is a consequence of demyelination in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Decreased efficiency of electrical signal transmission

Question 14

Which motor protein is primarily responsible for retrograde axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

Dynein

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why synapses must be maintained through repeated use?

Accepted Answer

Repeated use strengthens synaptic connections, supporting learning and memory.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of ependymal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing immune defense against pathogens

Question 17

A neuron has a cell body, multiple dendrites, and a single long axon. Which type of neuron is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Multipolar neuron

Question 18

Which of the following best describes saltatory conduction?

Accepted Answer

Jumping of action potentials between nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons

Question 19

If a neuron’s axonal transport is disrupted, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Neurotransmitters will accumulate in the cell body, reducing synaptic transmission.

Question 20

Which of the following equations correctly calculates the total time ($$t) $$required for a vesicle to travel a distance ($$d) at a $$constant speed ($$v) $$during fast axonal transport?

Accepted Answer

$$t = d \div v$$

Cells of the Nervous System: Neurons and Glia

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