Question 1

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the bilayer.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution that is hypertonic compared to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The cells will shrink as water moves out of them into the extracellular fluid.

Question 3

Which type of membrane transport requires energy in the form of ATP and moves substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 4

What is the primary function of the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump in maintaining cellular homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

To establish an electrochemical gradient by pumping Na	extsuperscript{+} out and K	extsuperscript{+} into the cell.

Question 5

Which organelle is responsible for detoxifying harmful substances and neutralizing free radicals in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 6

A cell is placed in a solution with a lower solute concentration than its cytoplasm. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move into the cell, causing it to swell.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA

Question 8

During receptor-mediated endocytosis, what is the role of specific membrane receptors?

Accepted Answer

To bind specific molecules and initiate their uptake into the cell.

Question 9

Which cytoplasmic organelle is primarily responsible for ATP production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

If a cell's plasma membrane becomes more permeable to K	extsuperscript{+}, what is the expected effect on the membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

The membrane potential will become more negative.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from high to low water concentration.

Question 12

A cell uses the symport system to transport glucose along with Na	extsuperscript{+} into the cell. Which type of transport is this?

Accepted Answer

Secondary active transport

Question 13

Which of the following junctions allows direct passage of chemical substances between adjacent cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junction

Question 14

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes for digesting bacteria and worn-out organelles?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 15

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It involves carrier proteins that change orientation to transport substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 16

Which of the following is a nonmembranous organelle?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 17

A cell is exposed to a toxin that inhibits the Na	extsuperscript{+}-K	extsuperscript{+} ATPase pump. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The cell will accumulate Na	extsuperscript{+} inside and lose K	extsuperscript{+}, disrupting the membrane potential.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water moves from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration during osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Water moves to dilute the higher solute concentration, balancing osmotic pressure.

Question 19

Which cellular structure is the control center containing the genetic library for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 20

Which process involves the engulfment of solid particles by pseudopods to bring them into the cell's interior?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Cells: Structure & Function – Chapter 3 Study Notes

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