Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the plasma membrane in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It serves as a selectively permeable membrane, controlling the movement of materials into and out of the cell.

Question 2

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water by osmosis, swell, and may eventually burst (lyse).

Question 3

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP, the cell’s main energy currency?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 4

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 5

Which type of cell junction allows ions and small molecules to pass directly from one cell to another, facilitating intercellular communication?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 6

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the expected outcome for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink (crenate).

Question 7

Which process requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 8

What is the main function of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 9

Which organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the sequence of levels of organization in the human body, from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ system → Organism

Question 11

Which structure is responsible for organizing microtubules and is crucial during mitosis for spindle formation?

Accepted Answer

Centrosome

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about tight junctions?

Accepted Answer

They prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space between adjacent cells.

Question 13

Which cellular process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of high water concentration to low water concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 14

During which stage of mitosis do chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate in the center of the cell?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase

Question 15

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for breaking down worn-out organelles and biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct formula for calculating the osmotic pressure ($\Pi$) of a solution, given the molar concentration ($C$), gas constant ($R$), and temperature ($T$)?

Accepted Answer

$\Pi = CRT$

Question 17

A mutation occurs in the DNA of a cell. Which of the following is a possible outcome?

Accepted Answer

The mutation may result in a permanent alteration of a gene, potentially affecting protein synthesis.

Question 18

Which process involves the cell engulfing large particles or microorganisms by forming pseudopods and enclosing them in a vesicle?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the nucleolus?

Accepted Answer

It produces ribosomes.

Question 20

Which cellular extension is found in the trachea and helps move mucus and debris out of the respiratory tract?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Cells: The Living Units – Chapter 3 Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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